What are social networks? Why are they important?

Dan Cunningham

May 6, 2019

What are social networks and why do they matter?

  • We emphasize the social in social networks.
    • Online and offline social networks

What is SNA? Why does it matter?

  • SNA is a set of theories and techniques to understand social structure.

  • We use SNA to identify strengths and vulnerabilities in social networks.

Example

Actor A (Age 23, Male, Gang X Member, Arrested on Drug Charges in Past, Lives in Neighborhood 1) He has admittedly sold drugs to two individuals who reside in Neighborhood 1, Actor D (male) and Actor E (female). Actor A is the brother of Actor C and has two sisters, Actors F and G (both live in Neighborhood 2,and both have been arrested on two occasions for drug possession). Finally, Actor A was arrested in the past with two individuals, Actors H (male) and I (female).

Actor B (Age 19, Female, Gang Affiliation Unknown, No Arrest Record, Lives in Neighborhood 3) Actor B regularly communicates with Actors F, G and J. She is a friend of Actor C, Actor J (25-year old, male, formerly member of Gang X), and Actor L. She is suspected to have lied to the police about Actor C’s whereabouts on the night of a shooting last year about which Actor C is thought to have important information.

Actor C (Age 24, Male, Gang X Member, Arrested on Drug Possession x 2, Lives in Neighborhood 2) Actor H, who is from Neighborhood 2, looks up to Actor C. Actor C’s close friend, Actor I (from Neighborhood 2), is dating Actor G and Actor C regularly communicates with Actor J (from Neighborhood 3).

Actor D (Age 22, Male, Gang Y Affiliated, Drug Possession, Lives in Neighborhood 1) Actor D regularly communicates with Actors K (male and well-known member of Gang Z) and L (female, local college student).

Actor E (Age 22, Female, Gang Affiliation Unknown, Arrested in Past for Bar Fight) Actor E is a close friend of Actor K from Neighborhood 1 and is suspected of being a drug dealer. She has also dated Actor K and Actor A, and she hangs out regularly with Actor L (affiliation unknown) and Actor M (male, affiliated but unknown) from Neighborhood 1.

Actor F (Age 20, Female, Gang Affiliation Unknown) Actor F’s affiliation is unclear, but she has been known to hang out with Actors B, L and N (N is a 19-year old male, Gang Y Member in Neighborhood 2). She is romantically involved with Actor H and use to hang out with Actor B.

Social Networks

visNetwork

Social Networks

visNetwork

Social Networks

visNetwork

Social Networks

visNetwork

Line Charts

“Macro” Approach - Nested Networks

Real-World Vignettes

Afghanistan

Philippines

Iraq

El Paso

Social Media Analyses

Social Media Analyses

Law Enforcement Application (FY19)

Real-World Vignettes

Schedule

Day Time Title Topics
1 0900-1700 What is SNA? Why is it Important? We will discuss SNA, its application, and its benefits and limitations. We will hear from Mr. Don Lapham (OSD), Dr. John Arquilla (NPS), Dr. Sean Everton, and Chief Joe McHale (Marion).
2 0900-1700 Methods to Analyze Social Networks The day’s briefs and discussions will address relational data, a broad overview of SNA techniques/metric families, and we will hear presentations from Nashville, Dr. Andrew Fox (Washington State), and Toledo PD. Also, we will hold our first breakout session, and have an optional “social” at Knuckles at 1715.
3 0900-1700 Foundations for Institutionalizing SNA in LE Today’s emphasis is on approaches to institutionalizing SNA as a normal analytic practice. Houston PD, Pasco County Sheriff, FBI-Chicago PD, Milwaukee Intelligence Fusion Center, Philadelphia PD/DVIC, and Sacramento County Sheriff will provide presentations about their efforts. Dr. Camber Warren (NPS) will present on social media and social networks.
4 0900-1700 SNA in Law Enforcement We will begin the day with a brief review of the materials covered during the week, which we will follow with two panels. Finally, we will discuss a way forward through group discussion.
5 0900-1700 SNA as a Tool to Inform Development of Strategies We will play the Dark Networks Game with Dr. Michael Freeman and his team from Global ECCO.

Questions?